Particles Made Simple: は vs が Explained Once and For All

は vs が — two tiny particles that cause endless confusion. Let's clear it up.

01は marks the topic

Use は to introduce what you're talking about. "As for X, ..."

02が marks the subject

Use が to identify who or what is doing the action — especially when it's new information.

03Decision flowchart

1. Is this new information? → が
2. Are you contrasting with something? → は
3. Are you describing a state? → が

Practice with real sentences and the difference becomes intuitive.